What is
terrorism?
Terrorism is an unlawful use or a threat of using power
or violence against an individual or properties in the intention of extorting
or terrorizing governments or societies for the achievement of the policy
objectives, religious or ideological ones.
Examples of terrorist
organisations and their attacks:
*al-Qaeda:
Objectives
Supporting organisations fighting with ,, pro-western” Islamic governments, like in Kuwait, Saudi Arabia. Helping fighters in countries which repress Islam, like Bosnia, Kosovo, India, Indonesia. Fighting for the establishment of Islamic countries, like Dagestan, Chechnya, Palestine. Charity activity and welfare in many Islamic countries.
Structure
The first leader of al-Qaeda was Osama bin Laden, his deputy was Ayman al-Zawahir. The composition of base includes four panels: for the religion, finance military and media. The lowest organizational steps are divisions spread all over the world. There are a few thousand members of al-Qaeda.
History of al-Qaeda
It was established in 1988 by Osama bin Laden. Firstly, their main goal
was to stop soviet invasion on Afghanistan, and after the war unite all Arabs
who had fought against the invader. Osama bin Laden resided in Khartoum for
many years. At that time his organisation became an Islamic formation combating
the USA and , “Western countries”. In 1996 Sudan government, under pressure of the
USA, asked bin Laden to leave the country. He sheltered with his contributors
in Afghanistan, where he made training grounds for terrorists. The attacks
started in 2001 by the coalition of the USA, considerably weakened the potential
of Talibs. Nevertheless, al-Qaeda still declares next attacks on the USA. They
co-operate with many Islamic organisations.
Curiosities
In 1998 Al-Kaida issued a statement stating that the
duty of every Muslim is to kill citizens of the United States and their allies
around the world – The organization planned attacks on Pope John Paul II and US
President Bill Clinton.
Al-Kaida’s founds
Bin Laden came from a family of Saudi billionaires. He
inherited about $300 million from his ancestors, which is used to finance
activities of the group. Al-Kaida has got many companies. Some people finance
their activities. Bin Laden thought that the organisation has three independent
economic networks. After the attack on the WTC all bank accounts around the
world belonging to people and organizations suspected of cooperating with
Al-Qaeda have been blocked.
*ISIS:
Islamic
State of Iraq and al-Sham is a terrorist group. It was founded in the previous
years of the Iraq War, where they made a faithfulness to al-Qaeda in 2004, but
I February 2014 al-Qaeda decided to end
all connections to the group. Since 2014
has ISIS most important purpose, to make a Sunni-Islamic state. Specific has
ISIS tried to make a caliphate – a state leaded by religious authority. The
caliph means to be a successor after the prophet Mohammed.
ISIS has
on record time developed not only a terrorist organization, but a state. They
have got a government, a Defence Minister, a Minister for Finance, and a
periodical. It is a state that works as a magnet on the jihads. ISIS is a
mission and a dream to accomplish a work which is worse than 11/9. ISIS has been lucky to be strong and rich,
because the international community has been passive. They are making a strong propaganda and are showing the world what they want to
accomplish via Videos on youtube and other social medias.
On the evening of 13 November 2015, a series of
coordinated terrorist attacks occurred in Paris and its northern suburb,
Saint-Denis. Beginning at 21:20 CET, three suicide bombers struck near the
Stade de France in Saint-Denis, followed by some suicide bombings and mass shootings at cafés, restaurants and a
music venue in central Paris.
The
attacks on paris resulted in 130 people killed, including 89 at the Bataclan
theatre, where they took hostages before engaging in a stand-off with police.
Another 368 people were injured, 80–99 seriously. Seven of the attackers also died, while the
authorities continued to search for accomplices. The attacks were the deadliest
on France since World War II, and the deadliest in the European Union since the
incident in Madrid (train bombings in 2004.) France had been on high alert
since the January 2015 attacks on Charlie Hebdo Offices and a Jewish
supermarket in Paris that killed 17 people and wounded 22, including civilians
and police officers.
Since the summer 2014 has ISIS completed more and more executions of
Western hostages.
• 19. August : A video was released by
ISIS. The video was showing footage of ISIS executing an american journalist.
• 2. September: Video of another american journalist. This
video was also showing ISIS executing the journalist.
• 13. September: Video of a british
man. This video was also showing ISIS executing an innocent man.
This is
just some of the executions. ISIS makes the videos to frighten people, getting
respect and attention.
How to prevent terrorism?
To
prevent terrorism, we should recognize the enemy and his plans. States should
pursue policies that will ensure the least likelihood of a terrorist attack. We
know that won’t eliminate all terrorist attacks and all terrorist
organisations, but it will reduce these manifestations of human wrong.
Made by Paweł Kudła, Michał Bieda, Signe Lund Nielsen, Tobias Lykke
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